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2022 COVID-19 marriage motherhood

January 7, 2022

It’s Friday. I’ve left work early and surprised my kids by picking them up at school. Did I have to call my husband and get tips on how to enter the school parking lot at this hour because I’ve never done it? Yes. Did I feel sheepish about that and then brush it off because it takes a village to raise a kid and I’m simply one part of the whole? Yes.

I greet my children on the crosswalk. They shriek with delight at the ice cream sandwiches that await them in their seats; we are lucky enough to live in Alaska where things stay frozen without much assistance. I deposit three kids safely at home before taking the baby to ballet; mask over your nose sweetheart and do you have the right shoes? I meander around the thrift store until it’s time to pick her up. What a delightful view of town I have, to leave early on a Friday!

We drive home into the sunset, literally; we ooh and aah over the pink haze that drapes across the snowy mountains in the distance. I climb the stairs to my room and take off my work clothes. The house smells so clean. What a treasure, to crawl into bed and wait for Shabbat to begin. Good Sabbath to you.

And then, the phone call, the one my long term care facility has gone the entire (!!) pandemic without. One of your residents has tested positive for COVID-19.

I pack a bag and hug my children. My husband loads the car with my favorite pillow and a shirt or something that smells like him. I do not remember. I float around the house grabbing items I think I may need if I’m unable to come home for awhile. We have come so far. How many more will follow this test result? Did I update our PPE guidelines? Do I have the staff I need? Do I have what it takes? What will happen next? In the end, I settle on the trite but true. This is what I signed up for. I can only hope my team feels the same. And so, I return to work. Good Sabbath to you.

books & things COVID-19 five things on a friday life lately politics & leadership racial reconciliation

Five things on a Friday: the links I send these days.

No matter where we live, or who our friends are, our conversations tend to drift to the same topics these days, don’t they? Here are the articles I’ve been keeping in my phone’s notes app, due to my repeated have you seen this or funny you should mention that conversations.

  1. The Unlikely Connection Between Wellness Influencers and the Pro-Trump Rioters, Cosmopolitan. This was the first time I heard the phrase pastel QAnon, and good gracious, does it hit the nail on the head. I’ve already written on this, but I’m now comfortable enough to say that I was radicalized years ago by the natural family community online. I still have much fondness for the community and the science behind natural wellness, but this article hit home. The author did a great job linking topics that have felt chaotically connected over the last year. How on earth does a pandemic relate to race in America, and how are those two things connected to election fraud? Watch and see. This piece was wild, but clarifying.
  2. Under the Influence podcast, Jo Piazza. Whenever I share this series with a friend, I use the same words to describe how it makes me feel – exposed, seen, convicted, relieved, rescued. Having spent the last fifteen years on the internet, I have both watched and participated in influencer culture online. I’ve seen it benefit and bless, and I’ve seen it corrupt and destroy. The internet seems to be one of the only vices in life where the danger is scientifically proven and widely accepted, and yet we seem to continue on our merry way. I appreciate Jo’s approach because she offers no clear answers, and she maintains her love for social media throughout her journey.
  3. The Roman Road from Insurrection, Russell Moore. I hesitate to use phrases like spiritual father, or giant of the faith, but Russell is a hero. He has repeatedly walked the tightrope between divided groups, trying to lead well and point to Jesus. He has worked for years at the center of perhaps the most inflammatory denomination in the Christian faith, refusing to walk away and also refusing to stay quiet. His piece on the January insurrection was one I referred to often, as I grieved and lamented and asked the same questions over and over. How did we get here? How do we move forward? Dr. Moore’s words help answer both of these for me.
  4. The Spiritual Problem at the Heart of Christian Vaccine Refusal, David French. Along with stark and discouraging statistics about the white evangelical role in anti-vaccine messaging, David does an excellent job of educating the reader on the complex, and often sinister, layers beneath this wave of Christian refusal of COVID-19 vaccination. I don’t trust the research really means I’m choosing to trust a different voice. There is also a clear call to gentle and patient communication with folks on the other side of the table. Nobody ever changed their mind by being bullied or berated. Speaking of trusted voices, David is certainly one. I appreciate his moderate and straightforward approach to covering hot-button issues, especially as they relate to his/my people – the Church.
  5. Christian Nationalism & the Good Life, The Holy Post podcast + Derwin Gray. More great content from brave-but-gentle people I trust. The guest on this episode is my former pastor, and who doesn’t want to listen to a podcast from a former VeggieTales creator and star? I learned a lot about both the roots and the fruit of today’s iteration of white nationalism. The bad news is that it’s been doing its best to destroy for hundreds of years, and it’s become normal and even celebrated through modern Church leaders and politicians. The good news is that we’re able to call it out and combat it using Scripture and thought leaders like these experts. I’m grateful.
COVID-19 health & wellness politics & leadership

Thoughts from the recovering radicalized.

I’m ready to write publicly my thoughts on the phenomenon now known by phrases such as pastel QAnon, and Q-A-Moms. This podcast episode also defines and explores the topic. I’m also ready to publicly share the cognitive dissonance I’m living through every day, as a nurse practitioner married to a pastor. That post is coming…someday. Maybe. I know it’s time to take my private discourse public because I’ve run out of words to touch on it nicely and I’m still in pain; frustrated, even. I think I’ve got to talk about it, not to stir the pot but to be part of the solution. You see, I was once part of the problem.

When my husband and I started dating in 2005, I became very interested in the natural lifestyle. Chris was just happy to have a woman in his life again, and he and his two boys went along with my whacky ideas. We tried gluten-free recipes for eczema and used coffee to manage hyperactivity. We saw a chiropractor three times a week and stopped all vaccinations. I used essential oils instead of calling doctor’s offices and getting triaged for visits.. I made my own toilet paper with cloth squares.

As a new grad RN and a first-time mom, I chose to have a baby at home in 2009. My son took awhile to join us earthside and was clearly in respiratory distress immediately after birth. I didn’t take him in to the hospital. Instead, I called my chiropractor, who drove to my house and hung my son upside-down by his feet. It worked, I guess? My son’s respiratory rate normalized and he began nursing and making wet diapers. I’ll never know what happened, because I can’t go back in time and make a different call. My milk took days and days to come in, but I was adamantly opposed to formula. I used a friend’s breastmilk and fed it to my son in a bottle instead. I remember feeling ashamed to see him suck on a bottle, or a pacifier. What about nipple confusion?! I tore pretty ferociously down south during the birth, and it took nearly eight months to have sex again. I eventually saw a pelvic health physical therapist, but I never got checked out by an OB/GYN. Writing this now, in this way, feels wild. While I don’t have regrets, parts of my story feel so wrong now and yet, they felt so normal at the time. So normal that I wrote about them, right here on this blog.

At the time, there was no Instagram or TikTok. But we had internet forums and blog networks; health & wellness culture has always had an influence and made an impact online. It found me, a healthcare professional, and I bought in with no questions asked. If someone in the healthcare field challenged me, I pitied them. Surely, they were deceived. I had access to something they didn’t – the online natural family community. It was kind and welcoming and informative… the harmful and false information was simply and subtly sprinkled in among the rich treasures I found. Garlic really does help with inflammation and ear pain. Peppermint and lavender oils really do serve a myriad of purposes. Midwives really can and should attend the majority of most childbirths.

But one sliver of thought is never the entire pie of truth or lived experience, and I learned my lesson very quickly. One afternoon shortly after my son was born, I logged on to one of the chat forums one afternoon after my son was born, while still on maternity leave. I typed on and on about I chose to have a home birth and I chose to breastfeed in order to give my son the best life possible. A mom, who had both undergone a c-section and experienced difficulty breastfeeding, wrote back “How is the view up there from your high horse?” Well? How was it? How could I have emotionally distanced myself so far from another’s experience? Of course that mother wanted her child to have the best life possible, too. We all know breastfeeding is good for babies. We all know an uneventful vaginal birth tends to be smoother for all involved. How could I, a registered nurse and a follower of Jesus, painted such broad strokes that ended in such harsh prescriptions and judgments? The answer is simple, and complex.

I was in an echo chamber. I read what I wanted to see; the data I researched supported my viewpoints. I frequented film screenings and meet-up groups and health food stores, all of which supported my journey on the path to natural living. However, I never sat with an MD or a certified nurse-midwife and asked for their experience and expertise. I didn’t even learn the phrase evidence-based medicine until I was in grad school, nearly a decade later.

What changed? What was the turning point for you? What caused you to pivot and shift? I’ve gotten the same question in many forms a lot over the last year, and it’s a good one.

As I learned and learned and learned some more, I found the space to keep some of the old and incorporate the new. I still use garlic and essential oils. I love midwives dearly and even opened my home to visits when the local birth center was unavailable for a time a few years back. I ditched the homemade toilet paper, though. And eventually, I started agreeing to vaccines for myself and my kids. The change came in two ways.

First,  I learned to appreciate expert guidance, so long as each expert remains in their own lane. I’ve already talked about critically evaluating sources here and here; suffice it to say there is room for everyone at the table… but they’ve got to know their stuff when they pull up a seat. There is very little for me to learn about COVID-19 from a dermatologist who now owns a private laboratory and makes money off of making you think you’ve got a secret disease that only he can locate. Just like there is very little for me to learn about cancer-fighting diets from a really healthy blogger, or even from an oncologist. (The good ones, however, will refer you to a dietician specializing in such programs.) The expert is not to be feared or resented, but welcomed in the journey one takes through life.

Second, I began to hold every aspect of my life up against my privilege. I talked this about this here. It is privilege that allowed me to do the research, and seek out the non-traditional doctors, and take time off of work to get the religious exemption form for vaccinations, and change doctors several times. Just like the gospel, health and wellness has to work for everyone, from those with insurance and money to those without, for it to be good news. If my friend who has Medicaid for her kids can’t refuse vaccinations without threat of losing her insurance, who am I to prescribe this as good parenting? If my friend can’t afford gluten-free this or vegan that or even the right kind of essential oils, who am I to prescribe this as low-tox living? Checking my privilege has helped me see that advice has gotta work across the board and back, top to bottom, for it to be sound.

Nobody gets the corner spot on caring about the mental toll this pandemic is taking on folks. We all care deeply about that. Moms who have their babies at home aren’t the only ones who get to be concerned about the long-term effects of vaccines and masks and social distancing on our kids. Of course I worry about that. Heck, I used to be one of those moms. I get it. Women with beautiful hair and captivating hashtags don’t get to be the loudest about human trafficking. It’s been a real problem for generations and there are real orgs out there doing real rescue work.

And nobody, nobody, not even me, gets to live a life free of humility. Sooner or later, we’re wrong and there’s no way out but through. Nobody gets to speak in absolutes, words dripping with pride. Sooner or later, it leads to a fall. We are all changing, over and over again, along the way. It’s a blessing and a curse that the internet keeps track. But when we admit that we were wrong, when we confess to being deceived or radicalized or even willingly part of the problem, the truth peeks through and takes root. Healing sprouts. And we grow.

COVID-19 health & wellness

COVID-19 Life in a Long-Term Care Facility

The following has been adapted from two Instagram story series; video versions are available in the COVID-19 highlight on my profile!

Each day, I check in outside of our locker room, where we change into scrubs. I log my temperature, along with any symptoms, exposure, or recent travel. Each week, I swab. We use anterior testing, not oropharyngeal. It’s just a quick swipe of the nostrils for 10-15 seconds. Long-term care employees at my hospital test based on the number of cases in town. Sometimes, it’s twice a week. Other times, it’s once per month. My unit has been on lockdown since March of 2020, which means that every single case of COVID-19 will be brought in by staff. We have had zero so far, because of these practices. This is laborious, isolating, and inconvenient. It is also saving lives. It is my honor to follow Jesus in this way.

When I said that this is isolating, I mean for the staff. I appreciate the concern for our residents and yes, we have faced real challenges, both emotional and logistical over the last year. But lemme paint a picture so you have facts and not just talking points.

First, our LTC is the resident’s new family. No matter how faithful someone is to visit their loved one, it will never equal or surpass the time the resident spends with their neighbors and staff at a facility. It’s what they signed up for when they moved in, and that community has not been taken from them. Residents are not locked down in their rooms. Second, there are several reasons someone comes to live in a facility. The main reason is caregiver strain, or no caregiver at all. I’m not passing judgment, but the fact is that many residents weren’t receiving visits before the lockdown. Also, some residents have families out-of-state, or no family at all. Additionally, 100% of our residents’ families support our safety measures. Some have even turned down special consideration for in-person visits in favor of a safer option.

Third, I said numbers cannot lie and I mean it. Many of you healthcare workers sent me stories of one case getting into your facility, and then cases (and deaths) climbed for weeks afterward. One of you was required to work with your sick residents while you had the virus yourself. It’s truly remarkable that we haven’t had a case yet. But in addition that important number, I should also tell you that nobody at my facility has died as a result of isolation. And to take it further, nobody has lost weight or experienced a new decline in function or mood.

Why? Because fourth, we’re doing a lot. I started a happy light program several months ago, and I’m getting people off of sedating psych meds. The residents play bingo. Staff read the news individually to each resident each morning and sit with them at meals. Residents get to go outside on our deck, and even on van rides around town for a change of scenery. Family can visit via FaceTime or window, and in-person visits are arranged for emergencies and special occasions. Our people are living through a pandemic but they rarely, rarely alone. I know this is not the case for every facility in every community. Last year, I saw hospice patients in a long-term care that had been locked down and also staffed by FEMA, due to so much patient/employee illness. I know many facilities still have their residents confined to their rooms, and many are decompensating and getting worse due the isolation. It’s real and sad and hard and wrong. Again, my current work environment is the only story I can share in real time. And again, all COVID-19 cases are brought in from the outside of these facilities, which makes an excellent argument for each of us doing our part on the outside.

This brings me back to the beginning. The last year has been incredibly laborious, isolating, and inconvenient for ME. I’m not referencing the devastating effects of a global pandemic on our economy and education system and emotional health today. These are important topics for another day. I’m specifically speaking to my experience working with a high-risk patient population.

I moved here last May and haven’t met my coworkers without masks in place. It’s difficult to say no to travel and hangouts. The scrubs are scratchy and make my legs burn. There is a low buzzing hum of tension and anxiety all day everyday, as we try not to remember all of the steps and prepare our answers to questions by inspectors and encourage one another to get vaccinated. This morning I overheard a masked coworker in the gym, declining an invite to something because “I work in long-term care and I need to protect the residents.” Did I mention I don’t even know what my coworkers look like?! I recognized her by her voice.

My point is that it’s both-and. It’s laborious, isolating, and inconvenient. It’s also ministry. When I feel overwhelmed and yet compelled to help, there are action steps. Read the experts! Wear the mask! Wash the hands! Keep the safe distance! Talk openly and accurately about the vaccine! Pray! Pray! Pray!

When I spell it out like that, my role suddenly seems simple and not so unbearable after all. I’d even go as far as to say my personal rights feel wholly intact. I do not feel threatened or infringed upon.  And even if or when my personal rights comes under attack, I’ll lay them down gladly. I follow Jesus. I signed up for this.

COVID-19 health & wellness

This is not the same thing.

I feel a little weird about defending evidence-based medicine, since it’s peer-reviewed hard data that can be trusted. An evidence-based approach to anything does not need defending. However, a lot of you feel distrustful toward modern medicine in general, and I get it. Additionally, I’ve had challenging and productive conversations with many of you who care a lot about natural approaches to wellness. And I’m not sure everyone knows my background. So here goes!

I chose to have a baby at home when I saw the statistics and read the blogs and watched the documentary. I delayed all vaccines for my kids until age five, and I still keep religious exemption forms on file from the local health department. I don’t treat most illnesses with medication. My favorite phrase is “let it ride” when deciding how to manage symptoms in my home. I love essential oils, and I’ll be the first to tape a clove of garlic in your ear when it aches. I am quick to blame most of my personal health symptoms on inflammation. 

But this is different. A brand-new virus has spread to the ends of the earth and back, with little available data on transmission and treatment and prevention. This is not the same thing as a chronic medical illness that can be managed with lifestyle changes. It is not the same thing as feeling like your family practitioner isn’t listening to you, and finding a natural-minded supportive community online. It is not the same thing as boosting your immune system with supplements during flu season. Although I still do every single of one of these things, COVID-19 is different.

I want to acknowledge that a natural approach to wellness and healing is painfully missing from our allopathic model of medicine. Additionally, I must confess that I have changed my mind countless times, on each of these topics, when presented with new information along the way over the years. But we cannot afford to conflate multiple important topics into one right now, and we cannot afford to spend too much time on rabbit trails. We are in crisis mode with one thing and one thing only – COVID-19.

It is privilege that allows me to access bloodwork and follow-up interpretation. It is privilege that allows me to access academic journals with best practice and gold standards. It is privilege that allows me to access a medical provider speak to my individual situation and make recommendations on vitamins and supplements. It is even privilege that allows me access into the natural-minded community online and in my local community. Not everyone has the time or space to research and ask questions and scroll. Not everyone can afford naturopathic options or experimental treatments. If an item is not FDA-approved, it may not be covered by health insurance. If I start talking about medication publicly, does it count as medical advice? If I make a blanket statement about Vitamin D dosing, for example, how will I follow up on each person’s blood levels? Vitamin D is not excreted through the kidneys; therefore, overdosing is a real and scary possibility. For the sake of the many, we must shoot straight and keep things simple.

Lucky for us, the experts have already done that for us. They recommend hand hygiene, masks, and six feet of space. We know that hand hygiene prevents the ingestion of droplets, masks prevent the spread of droplets, and space is a safety measure against both. Interestingly enough, each of these interventions is natural and non-toxic.

I will continue using natural approaches for myself and my family and patients. I will continue to care about the emotional/mental/spiritual consequences of this pandemic. I will continue to admit when I’m wrong and allow myself to change my mind as needed. But I will always, always consider two things as priorities – listening to expert opinion, and remaining concerned for my community.

COVID-19 health & wellness life in alaska life lately

My COVID-19 Story

The following is a thread of tweets I posted on October 29, 2020, following my bout with COVID-19. I had a fairly mild case, but I gave it to a few family members and the whole thing dragged on for weeks. When I felt ready to discuss it online, I went to Twitter first. Naturally. I’m now ready to post it to this blog. Instagram? They can just come and find it. Such is the way of things these days.

I have yet to build a social network in my new town, so I’m home a lot. Life looks like work, grocery store, post office, church. I wear a mask for all of the aforementioned, and additional daily screening is required at work. I let my guard down one weekend, for a small staff retreat (husband is a worship pastor) with several couples I’d already been around for months. No hugging or close chats, but no masks in the house.

The following Friday, seven days later, I underwent my biweekly testing for work (long-term care facility). It is a state test, and results take several days. I had felt off all week, but there were several possible causes. This test (eventually) came back negative. But the next morning, Saturday, I received a call that someone had the staff retreat had later tested positive and was most likely contagious at the time. I couldn’t risk going back to work without a rapid test. I pushed for a rapid test at work and asked a physician colleague put in the order for me (this is a privilege). They didn’t want to waste a test just for exposure, when my other one was still pending and I wasn’t symptomatic. But we got it done.

The rapid result came back positive a few hours later, and I was symptomatic by then. Thankfully, everyone at the staff retreat agreed to get tested and I had no other contacts or exposures to disclose. I later learned about my previous negative test, which means I was most likely not infectious at work. My patients and coworkers all tested negative. Strangely, so did everyone else at the staff retreat, despite having closer contact with the other positive person than I did.

My COVID-19 symptoms, in order from terrible to tolerable: lack of smell/taste, fatigue, shortness of breath, body aches, cough, sinus burning, congestion. Today is day 20 and I’m better, but not feeling normal yet. Worse than the physical symptoms was the shame. I had to answer to Alaska’s state epidemiology department, hospital leadership, long-term care leadership, and public health. Everyone was gracious, but it was an emotional few days at the beginning. I just moved here. I haven’t made professional connections yet. It was hard to pick up the phone each time and not feel defensive or want to pass blame. But like I said, everyone was gracious.

My husband tested positive about a week after me. It hit him harder (same symptom profile), but he felt better faster. My daughter tested positive after him. She had a headache and fever for two hours one night; it spontaneously resolved and she hasn’t had a complaint since. The rest of the kids are negative. They didn’t want to test anyone in my family until they were symptomatic, but they eventually let me do the kids. I kinda wish they’d all gotten it. I’d love a family full of antibodies!

We’ve been in isolation/quarantine since October 10. Isolation is for 10 days, after positive test or first symptom. Quarantine is for the household, for 14 days. It starts after isolation for the positive person is complete. We never separated; too intense/unreasonable for us. I’m now back at work. My time off was paid for by the hospital (again, a privilege). I’ve been instructed not to get tested for at least 90 days. I’m curious about an antibody test someday. The kids’ school went remote as a result of our cases (plus a few – our small town had a small spike). We’ll hope for their return before Thanksgiving. We’ll continue to wear masks and socially distance, and follow recommendations. The science came to our house and it was real.

I made a joke at the beginning of this thing in March, that I’d volunteer to get sick if it could help build immunity in our community and spare an elder or vulnerable person. It wasn’t funny but hey, put down three more tally marks for our town’s “recovered” total! In conclusion, The Kincaids are glad and grateful to be on the other side of COVID-19.

COVID-19 health & wellness life in alaska the whole & simple gospel

Covid-19, three months later

I figured it was time to quit adding to this post and just start a new one! This pandemic is marathon stuff, huh? I recently posted the following on Instagram, which prompted a few requests for resources:

Since moving to Alaska, we’ve all been tested for Covid-19 at least once. We’ve done so eagerly, and with joy, because mass testing and contact tracing is a proven method of slowing spread while moving the country forward. (PSA: you ain’t gotta get the nasopharyngeal swab anymore. There are gentler options now!)

We also wear masks in public, for two reasons. First, it’s another proven method of protection for ourselves and others. Second, it’s a quiet, simple, and public demonstration of our respect for our community. We’re paying attention, and we care.

I read a tweet awhile back, that said Americans think covid is over because we grew bored with it. The Kincaids are not bored. We love God and science and public health and the least of these from Matthews 25. This is kingdom work, and we hope to be doing it for the rest of our days.

https://www.instagram.com/p/CB1N8fmghob/

And now, for some (hopefully) helpful resources! Last update: June 24, 2020

EXPERTS I’M FOLLOWING:

In addition to numbers counts via the WHO, CDC, state websites, and my current employer (a hospital)’s daily reports and guidelines… the only regular resource I follow for new information is Emory University’s incredibly smart and humorous scientist Laurel Bristow (@kinggutterbaby). She does a great job of breaking down press releases and scientific papers in clear and practical ways, and she also highlights the work of other experts within her field.

ON PERSONAL RESEARCH:

I’ve used my computer for nothing but evidence-based research for the last four years, thanks to grad school. So glad to be done! But also, I’m grateful for the foundational tools it gave me. I’ll use those forever, and I’m happy to share them here.

First, consider the source. Personal accounts like YouTube videos, interviews, and expert opinions are fine to reference. However, they are not considered quality research. Check out this page to learn about different levels of evidence. It includes graphics and definitions, and I still refer to this concept regularly when measuring a source I’ve found. Spoiler alert: we don’t have high levels of evidence yet for a novel virus like Covid-19. Another spoiler alert: expert opinions are considered the lowest level quality of evidence. YouTube videos and Facebook accounts don’t even make the cut.

Second, try using specific terms when performing a search. I use phrases like evidence-based or evidence for, scholarly article, and peer-reviewed in addition to whatever I’m typing into the search bar.

Third, evaluate the source’s crew. Generally, experts will be accepted by other experts. This is what it means when an article has been peer-reviewed. The article was de-identified and sent to a slew of people to review and critique, before it was published. Additionally, people who consider themselves to be experts in a field should not be lone wolves. Do they have privileges at a hospital? Are they on staff at a teaching institution? Who claims them as their own? This applies to every industry environment from finance to ministry, but we’re talking about medical science right now. It’s easy to get swept up in a smart person’s story, but check out who else has bought in or rejected their expertise before you hitch your cart to it.

And now, for some articles from real experts! Last update: June 29, 2020

ON COVID-19 HERD IMMUNITY:

Mayo Clinic – general background and definitions

Possibly a lower percentage needed to achieve, but we still aren’t sure about current infection leading to immunity

Argument against herd immunity as a solution + helpful graphics

ON MASS TESTING AND CONTACT TRACING:

An opinion (but quite reasonable/hopeful) piece on colleges reopening safely

It’s not just increased testing that is causing a spike in cases

On the importance of mass testing specifically in the context of Covid-19, since such a large number of cases are asymptomatic

Mathematical modelling study (in the United Kingdom) comparing mass testing, tracing, and isolating to measure transmission reduction

How Massachusetts did it and how they’re doing since (graphics included)

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control explains their recommendations with evidence from China and LOTS of cited sources

Argument for rapid tracing using an app (sends color coded notifications to your phone based on hot spots) due to large number of presymptomatic and asymptomatic cases rendering manual tracing less useful

The difference between test counts and case counts

Updated numbers, if you’re a data dude or a graph gal

ON MASKS:

Evidence for effectiveness of masking

Addressing CO2 concerns

Addressing more C02 concerns + bacterial build-up concerns

Stanford scientists answering good questions

Do masks cause lung infections?

Do masks cause skin infections?